Nutritional Requirements by Life Stage
Dogs have different nutritional needs at different life stages. Puppies need higher protein (25–30%) and fat (15–20%) to support rapid growth, along with specific calcium-to-phosphorus ratios for proper bone development. Adult dogs in maintenance need moderate protein (18–25%) and fat (10–15%), while senior dogs often benefit from lower-calorie diets with higher fibre and joint-support supplements.
Large and giant breed puppies have unique needs — they should not be fed regular puppy food, which can cause too-rapid growth leading to skeletal problems. Look for formulas specifically designed for large breed puppies with controlled calcium levels.
How Much to Feed Your Dog
Feeding guidelines on dog food bags are starting points, not precise prescriptions. Your dog's actual needs depend on age, activity level, metabolism, and body condition. A highly active working dog may need double the amount a sedentary companion dog of the same weight requires.
Monitor your dog's body condition rather than strictly following package guidelines. You should be able to feel (but not see) your dog's ribs, see a visible waist when viewed from above, and notice an abdominal tuck from the side. Adjust portions up or down based on body condition checks every 2–4 weeks. In Canada, approximately 60% of dogs are overweight, so err on the side of slightly less rather than more.
Wet, Dry, Raw, and Fresh Food Options
Dry kibble is convenient, cost-effective, and helps maintain dental health through mechanical scraping action. Wet (canned) food is more palatable, higher in moisture (good for hydration), and easier for senior dogs with dental issues. Many owners successfully combine both for variety and balanced benefits.
Raw and fresh food diets have gained popularity in Canada, with brands like Big Country Raw, Carnivora, and Bold by Nature offering commercially prepared raw options. While proponents cite improved coat quality and digestion, raw diets carry bacterial contamination risks and require careful formulation to be nutritionally complete. Consult a veterinary nutritionist before switching to raw feeding.
Foods That Are Dangerous for Dogs
Several common human foods are toxic to dogs: chocolate (especially dark chocolate), grapes and raisins, onions and garlic, xylitol (artificial sweetener found in many sugar-free products), macadamia nuts, and alcohol. Keep these items securely stored and educate all family members about the dangers.
Cooked bones can splinter and cause intestinal punctures — never give your dog cooked chicken, turkey, or pork bones. Raw bones are safer but should be size-appropriate and given under supervision. Corn cobs, peach pits, and apple seeds also pose choking or toxicity risks. When in doubt about a food's safety, don't offer it — check with your veterinarian first.
Frequently Asked Questions
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